The Bombay High Court initiated Suo Motu Public Interest Litigation No. 1 of 2020 after being alarmed by repeated building collapses, including the tragic collapse of the Jilani Building in Bhiwandi in 2020 that killed 38 people, and another slum structure collapse in June 2021 that claimed 13 lives.
The Court expressed deep concern over the recurring loss of human lives due to dilapidated structures, unauthorized constructions, and gross negligence by civic and government authorities.
It observed that both slum and private structures in Mumbai are at high risk and that sustained encroachment on public lands is being encouraged for commercial exploitation.
The Court appointed a commission headed by Justice (Retd.) J.A. Deodhar to investigate causes and accountability.
Based on the report, the Court concluded that both illegal constructions and inaction by responsible municipal and government officers were to blame.
The Court issued strict directives, including:
Action against municipal/state officers who failed in their duties leading to illegal constructions.
Ward-wise publication of responsible officers for transparency and accountability.
Monthly review of illegal constructions and actions taken.
Criminal prosecution and disciplinary action against negligent officers if illegal structures remain unremoved for over 6 months.
Prosecuting those responsible for illegal slum constructions under the Slum Act.
Inquiry within 15 days in case of building collapse, followed by criminal proceedings if officials are found negligent.
No redevelopment of public land under slum schemes unless the government declares it unnecessary.
Public land encroachments must be cleared within a year, and eligible slum dwellers must be relocated.
The Court emphasized the importance of restoring public trust and preventing illegal urban growth, holding authorities accountable for the safety and well-being of citizens.